ci: switch to ubuntu 24.04

[fvranicTT]

Ticket

None

Problem description

Switching to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS brings Python 3.12

What's changed

New Ubuntu version.

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update

Checklist

• All post commit CI passes
• Blackhole Post commit CI passes (if applicable)

[github-actions]

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR migrates the CI/CD infrastructure from Ubuntu 22.04 to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, which includes an upgrade from Python 3.10 to Python 3.12. The changes update all Docker base images and adjust the Python-specific wheel dependency accordingly.

Key Changes:

• Updated all Dockerfile base images from Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04
• Updated EXALENS wheel dependency from Python 3.10 (cp310) to Python 3.12 (cp312)

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 5 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
.github/Dockerfile.base	Updated base Ubuntu image from 22.04 to 24.04
.github/Dockerfile.ci	Updated to reference ubuntu-24-04 base image from tt-llk
.github/Dockerfile.ird	Updated to reference ubuntu-24.04 image from tt-metal
.github/Dockerfile.ird.slim	Updated to reference ubuntu-24-04 CI image from tt-llk
.github/scripts/versions.sh	Updated EXALENS wheel version from cp310 to cp312 for Python 3.12 compatibility

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