Add support for WITH SESSION clause

[ebyhr]

Description

Add support for WITH SESSION clause:

WITH SESSION
    session_key = 'property',
    catalog.catalog_session_key = 'catalog_property'
SELECT 1

The syntax with both sessions and SQL functions:

WITH 
  SESSION a = 1
  FUNCTION x(a BIGINT) RETURNS BIGINT RETURN 1
SELECT x()

WITH SESSION with DML is unsupported in this PR.

Supersedes #21303

Release notes

# General
* Add support for `WITH SESSION` clause. ({issue}`23474`)

[losipiuk]

did you consider moving validation logic to Session class where it already is? You can put it in Session.withProperties maybe?

[ebyhr]

It requires some changes for injecting AccessControl to Session. Added a TODO comment.

[losipiuk]

Consider extracting common code from here and SetSessionTask

[ebyhr]

The logic is a little different from SetSessionTask. Added a TODO comment.

[losipiuk]

Looks nice. Some comments

[martint]

The syntax generally looks good, but there's a point we should discuss.

When inline functions are present, the full query will look like this:

WITH 
  FUNCTION x(a BIGINT) RETURNS BIGINT RETURN 1
  SESSION a = 1
SELECT * FROM t  

The session properties are supposed to apply to everything, including function definitions. It would be clearer and less surprising to users if it were structured like this, instead:

WITH 
  SESSION a = 1
  FUNCTION x(a BIGINT) RETURNS BIGINT RETURN 1
SELECT * FROM t  

[martint]

This is incorrect per the proposed grammar. The combined form when inline functions are present would be:

WITH 
  FUNCTION x(a BIGINT) RETURNS BIGINT RETURN 1
  SESSION a = 1
SELECT * FROM t  

[ebyhr]

Changed to [ WITH [ SESSION name = expression [, ...] ] [ FUNCTION sql_routines ] ]

[martint]

Did you forget to push a change? I don't see it reflected in the docs above.

[ebyhr]

No, it was updated in a fixup commit. Let me squash commits.

[findepi]

The syntax with both sessions and SQL functions:

WITH 
  SESSION a = 1
  FUNCTION x(a BIGINT) RETURNS BIGINT RETURN 1
SELECT x()

How do WITH SESSION, WITH FUNCTION, and WITH cte look like together?

[ebyhr]

We can repeat WITH in such cases:

 WITH
    SESSION time_zone_id = 'Europe/Warsaw'
    FUNCTION foo() RETURNS varchar RETURN current_timezone()
 WITH RECURSIVE t(n, x) AS (
     VALUES (1, foo())
     UNION ALL
     SELECT n + 1, foo() FROM t WHERE n < 4
 )
 SELECT * FROM t;

[ebyhr]

Addressed comments.

[martint]

This should go above functions. Are we missing some tests? Otherwise, this should fail.

[ebyhr]

It was moved in a fixup commit. Squashed commits.

[martint]

Did you forget to push a change? I don't see it reflected in the docs above.