`z-run` -- lightweight Go-based scripts library tool

about; status;

manual; examples; FAQ;

installation;

licensing; SBOM

chat on Discord; discuss on GitHub; email author;

source code at https://github.com/volution/z-run

About

The best way to describe z-run, is to look at a simple example (you know, "a snippet is worth a thousand man-pages"):

<< hello world (in shell)
	echo "hello world!"
!!
<< hello world (in Python)
	#! <python3>
	print("hello world!")
!!
<< hello world (in PHP)
	#! <php>
	<?php print("hello world!") ?>
!!

:: ping / google :: z-run ':: ping / *' 8.8.8.8
:: ping / cloudflare :: z-run ':: ping / *' 1.1.1.1
--<< ping / *
	ping "${@}"
!!

<< ip / addr / show
	ip --json addr show \
	| z-run ':: ip / addr / show / jq'
!!
--<< ip / addr / show / jq
	#! <jq> -r
	.[]
	| select (.addr_info != [])
	| .ifname as $ifname
	| .addr_info[]
	| [$ifname, .family, .local]
	| @tsv
!!

Provided that one has saved the above into _z-run (in the current folder), and has copied the z-run executable somewhere in the $PATH, then one can just run z-run (in the current folder), and be presented with the following menu, from where one can select a scriptlet to be executed:

  ping / google
  ping / cloudflare
  ip / addr / show
  hello world (in shell)
  hello world (in Python)
> hello world (in PHP)
  7/7
: _

In a few sentences, z-run is a lightweight and portable tool that allows one to create and execute a library of scripts, by mix-and-matching multiple languages, from bash, Python, Ruby, PHP, up-to jq, make and ninja.

It works based on the observation that the majority of interpreters can take as argument a path that points to the file to be executed. Based on this, when z-run is called to execute a scriptlet, it creates a temporary file (and if small enough just a pipe), and then calls the delegated interpreter.

Thus, z-run fulfills the following basic goals:

allows one to easily author small scriptlets, independent of the interpreter, all in one file (or a small set of files);
presents the user with a fzf-based menu, that allows one to easily select a scriptlet for execution;
bootstraps the required script and environment for the actual interpreter;
delegates the scriptlet execution to the actual interpreter;

Besides this, z-run also fulfills the following advanced goals:

allows generating the library at compile-time; (sort of like macro expansion, but at a much lower level;)
provides a built-in templating language; (especially useful in the previous feature;)
provides remote execution of scriptlets over SSH, without any additional requirements than having z-run deployed on the remote machine;

Status

Currently, z-run is still in a pre-release state, perhaps somewhere between a beta and a release-candidate.

There is no promise of backward or forward compatibility, there is little documentation (besides the examples), there is no testing harness, and there is no roadmap.

However, I do use it personally for all my scripting tasks, from project development to automation. Moreover, I do also use it in production for various operational tasks, from driving Ansible and LetsEncrypt, to remote execution.

Also see the "How is it tested?", "How quick are issues fixed?", "How to ask for help?", and "How to get commercial support?" questions in the FAQ section.

Here are some examples of where it is used:

z-run (this tool itself) -- used for all project development tasks (from building and testing to publishing);
z-scratchpad (wiki-like and notes tool) -- used for all project development tasks;
kawipiko (static HTTP server using CDB) -- used for all project development tasks;
vonuvoli (R7RS Scheme interpreter) -- used for all project development tasks, plus building remote building;
md5-tools (MD5/SHA*/Blake*/etc. recursive parallel hasher) -- used for all project development tasks;
covid19-datasets (derived and augmented COVID19 datasets based on JHU and NY-Times) -- used for all workflow aspects, from downloading, cleaning, merging, and publishing; (it drives ninja, jq, Python and Julia; running everything remotely on a dedicated server;)
hyper-simple-server and hyper-static-server (low-level HTTP servers written in Rust based on hyper) -- used for all project development tasks;

Besides these few public examples, all my development projects (personal or professional) have their z-run scripts. I have even built a simple map-reduce framework to handle offline log processing.

Manual

At the moment, the documentation is quite scarce...

One can consult the following resources:

the z-run draft help in documentation/help/z-run.txt;
the z-run draft manual in documentation/manual/z-run.1.ronn;
z-run --help, z-run --manual, and z-run --readme; (the above files and this readme are embedded in the executable itself;) (there is also --manual-man, --manual-html, and --readme-html for man / HTML formats;)
the various example files in examples, which expose most of the basic and advanced z-run features;
the scripts folders linked-at in the status section;
the simple snippets in the examples section;

Examples

For the moment, this section shall also serve as a manual.

Introduction

Prerequisites:

having z-run deployed somewhere on the $PATH; (it is recommended to place it in /usr/local/bin;)
nothing else!

Terminology:

scriptlet -- a small and simple script, executed by an interpreter (bash, Python, jq, etc.), focusing on one single well-defined task, delegating more lower-level tasks to other scriptlets; (you know, follow the old UNIX philosophy of KISS, "keep-it-simple-stupid", or its more civilized variant "do one thing and do it well", and use a "top-down structured programming" approach;)
scriptlet label -- the unique identifier of the scriptlet, usually in a hierarchical form like category / subcategory / task; this is used when invoking a scriptlet as in z-run ':: category / subcategory / task';
scriptlet body -- the source code of the scriptlet, passed by z-run to the delegated interpreter; z-run doesn't look, change, or care what is inside the body; it is taken verbatim, without any expansions or changes; (it only must be a valid UTF-8 text;)
library -- a set of related scriptlets, managed by z-run;
workbench -- z-run allows one to have multiple self-contained scriptlet libraries, therefore, the folder where such library resides is called a workbench; however a workbench can contain other files, perhaps files the scriptlets require or operate on; for example in case of development projects, the library can be placed inside the scripts folder, but the workbench is the entire project folder;
library source file -- the library is compiled from a set of source files; each can contain one or multiple scriptlets; each can include one or multiple other source files;

Behavior:

z-run should be executed in the workbench folder; (thus the current folder is usually the workbench folder;)
z-run searches the workbench folder for scriptlets based on the following rules:
- first it tries to see if there is a z-run, zrun, scriptlets, scripts, or bin folder; (perhaps prefixed by _ or ., as in z-run, _z-run, or .z-run;)
- if none such folder exists, it assumes that the workbench folder is the basis for the library;
- then given the folder previously identified, it tries to see if there is a z-run or zrun file; (perhaps prefixed by _ or ., as in z-run, _z-run, or .z-run;)
- if none such file exists, it then tries from the first step, but looking into .git, .hg, .svn, .bzr, .darcs; (this allows one to hide z-run scripts inside the VCS folder;)
z-run only accepts valid UTF-8 files for the library source;
z-run is quite "white-space" sensitive; (inside the scriptlet body it doesn't care;)
z-run always handles source files relative to the workbench folder;
z-run always executes scriptlets in the workbench folder;

Suggestions:

although scriptlets can take arguments, if based on an argument the behavior changes radically, consider splitting that into two different scriptlets;
have each scriptlet focus on a single well-defined task, consider delegating lower-level tasks to other scriptlets;
instead of having complex shell pipe-lines, consider extracting part of a pipe-line into a dedicated scriptlet;
if the same snippet of code repeats multiple times, consider extracting it into a dedicated scriptlet;
if some scriptlets are not meant to be executed directly, consider hiding them from the main menu, by either catching them in sub-menus, or by completely hiding them by prefixing them with --, as in --:: some-category / some-very-low-level-task :: ...;
many times the main purpose of a scriptlet is to just prepare the environment for another tool, and as the last action just executing that tool; in this case consider using exec some-tool ..., thus replacing the interpreter process with that tool's process; ( else one would end-up with a tree of processes that just wait for one-another;)

Creating the library of scriptlets

z-run uses a simple syntax, one perhaps similar to make:

each library source file contains a sequence of scriptlets (label and body), or a set of directives (including other source files, changing the environment, etc.);
scriptlets can be written in one line by using the following syntax, where the scriptlet label can't contain ::, and the interpreter is assumed to be bash:

:: scriptlet label :: scriptlet body

scriptlets can be written on multiple lines by using the following syntax, where the scriptlet label can't contain ::, the scriptlet body must be indented (tabs or spaces doesn't matter, just be consistent) (the first indentation level will be removed when sent to the interpreter), and the interpreter is assumed to be bash:

<< scriptlet label
	scriptlet body line 1
	scriptlet body line 2
	...
!!

scriptlets can have other interpreters than bash by using the following syntax, just like the #! file header in normal scripts (mind the spaces between #! and the rest of that line):

<< something in bash (A)
	...
!!
<< something in bash (B)
	#! <bash>
	...
!!
<< something in Python (A)
	#! <python2>
	...
!!
<< something in Python (B)
	#! <python3>
	...
!!
<< something in jq (with extra arguments)
	#! <jq> --slurp --raw-output
	...
!!
<< something in custom interpreter (A)
	#! my-custom-interpreter
	...
!!
<< something in custom interpreter (B)
	#! /usr/local/bin/my-custom-interpreter
!!

scriptlets can be excluded from the library (mind the two ## just before :: or <<):

##:: this scriptlet is ignored (A) :: ...

##<< this scriptlet is ignored (B)
	...
!!

arbitrary multi-line comments can be written (mind the ##{{ and ##}} that must start on the first column):

##{{

some text that doesn't contain ##}}

##}}

scriptlets can be hidden from the main menu (mind the two -- just before :: or <<):

--:: this scriptlet is hidden (A) :: ...

--<< this scriptlet is hidden (B)
	...
!!

scriptlets can be gathered in sub-menus (mind the // just after the ::); the ... suffix gathers all scriptlets having that prefix (except ...) under that sub-menu, and hides them from the main menu; the * suffix also gathers all scriptlets having that prefix (except *), under that sub-menu, but doesn't hide them from the main menu; the ::// * entry is just a sub-menu that contains all other scriptlets:

::// category-a / ...
::// category-b / *
::// *

:: category-a / scriptlet-1 :: ...
:: category-a / scriptlet-2 :: ...
:: category-b / scriptlet-1 :: ...
:: category-b / scriptlet-2 :: ...

scriptlets can be forced in the main menu (mind the ++ just before :: or <<):

++:: this scriptlet is forced (A) :: ...

++<< this scriptlet is forced (B)
!!

environment variables can be defined to string values:

&&== env SOME_ENV some-value

environment variables can be defined to absolute paths:

&&== env SOME_PATH ./relative-path

the $PATH environment variable can be appended with absolute paths:

&&== path ./bin

environment variables, similar to $PATH, can be appended with absolute paths:

&&== env-path-append SOME_ENV_LIKE_PATH ./bin

environment variables can be removed:

&&== env-exclude SOME_ENV_1 SOME_ENV_2

environment variables can be provided with defaults:

&&== env-fallback SOME_ENV default-value

other library source files can be included:

&& _/file-relative-to-the-current-source-file-parent
&& ./file-relative-to-the-current-workbench-folder
&& /file-with-absolute-path

&&?? _/file-that-might-not-exist
&&?? ./file-that-might-not-exist

TBD:

scriptlets bodies from files;
scriptlets replacement bodies;
single-line scriptlets with custom interpreter;
complex sub-menus;
scriptlets generators;
depending on files or folders without including them (useful for generators);
using print scriptlets;
using template scriptlets;
using the bash+ interpreter extension;
using the python3+ interpreter extension;
using the go interpreter;
using the go+ interpreter;
using the starlark interpreter;
environment variables values substitutions;
included source file paths substitutions;

Using the library of scriptlets from the console

showing the main menu:

z-run

showing a sub-menu (the label must exactly match how it was defined, that is with ... or * suffix):

z-run ':: category-a / ...'
z-run ':: category-b / *'
z-run ':: *'

executing a scriptlet (the :: is mandatory, regardless of how the scriptlet was defined, with :: or <<):

z-run ':: category-a / scriptlet-1'
z-run ':: category-b / scriptlet-2' some-argument ...

listing all the scriptlet labels:

z-run list

select a scriptlet from the menu, and print its label:

z-run select-label

select a scriptlet from the menu, and print its body:

z-run select-body

TBD:

compiling libraries and using them;
executing remote scriptlets over SSH;
using a library as a standalone tool with z-run --exec;
executing standalone scriptlets with z-run --scriptlet;
executing standalone scriptlets with z-run --scriptlet-exec;
executing standalone templates with z-run --template;
z-run --input, z-run --select, and z-run --fzf;
z-run --shell;
z-run --export=shell-functions;
z-run --version;
z-run --help;
z-run --manual;
z-run --manual-man;
z-run --manual-html;
z-run --readme;
z-run --readme-html;
z-run --sbom;
z-run --sbom-html;
z-run --sbom-json;
z-run --sources-md5;
z-run --sources-cpio | gunzip | cpio -i -t;

Installation

Download prebuilt executables

One should see the releases page on GitHub, where pre-built executables (only Intel 64bit architectures) are available for:

Linux (the main development and testing environment) --
https://github.com/volution/z-run/releases/download/v0.19.1/z-run--linux--v0.19.1
OSX (only Intel CPU's) (the second targeted environment) --
https://github.com/volution/z-run/releases/download/v0.19.1/z-run--darwin--v0.19.1
OpenBSD (seldom tested) --
https://github.com/volution/z-run/releases/download/v0.19.1/z-run--openbsd--v0.19.1
FreeBSD (seldom tested) --
https://github.com/volution/z-run/releases/download/v0.19.1/z-run--freebsd--v0.19.1

Also, each of these files are signed with my PGP key 5A974037A6FD8839, thus do check the signature.

For example:

import my PGP key:

curl -s https://github.com/cipriancraciun.gpg | gpg2 --import

gpg: key 5A974037A6FD8839: public key "Ciprian Dorin Craciun <[email protected]>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

download the executable and signature (replace the linux token with darwin (for OSX), freebsd or openbsd):

curl \
        -s -S -f -L \
        -o /tmp/z-run \
        https://github.com/volution/z-run/releases/download/v0.19.1/z-run--linux--v0.19.1 \
#

curl \
        -s -S -f -L \
        -o /tmp/z-run.asc \
        https://github.com/volution/z-run/releases/download/v0.19.1/z-run--linux--v0.19.1.asc \
#

verify the executable:

gpg2 --verify /tmp/z-run.asc /tmp/z-run

check that the key is 58FC2194FCC2478399CB220C5A974037A6FD8839:

gpg: assuming signed data in '/tmp/z-run'
gpg: Signature made Sun Oct  3 21:49:50 2021 EEST
gpg:                using DSA key 58FC2194FCC2478399CB220C5A974037A6FD8839
gpg: Good signature from "Ciprian Dorin Craciun <[email protected]>" [unknown]
gpg:                 aka "Ciprian Dorin Craciun <[email protected]>" [unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 58FC 2194 FCC2 4783 99CB  220C 5A97 4037 A6FD 8839

change the executable permissions:

chmod a=rx /tmp/z-run

copy the executable on the $PATH:

sudo cp /tmp/z-run /usr/local/bin/z-run

check that it works:

z-run --version

* tool          : z-run
* version       : 0.19.1
* executable    : /usr/local/bin/z-run
* build target  : release, linux-amd64, go1.18.3, gc
* build number  : 12286, 2022-07-26-10-01-10
* code & issues : https://github.com/volution/z-run
* sources git   : 4420e1f27c2480595ac98e409727c6810498710b
* sources hash  : daf4d73647bc52c3efe3f60f7711439a
* uname node    : some-workstation
* uname system  : Linux, 5.18.4-1-default, x86_64
* uname hash    : 636fe534b72441e2ccb478f9bd56d653

Build from sources

Go is a prerequisite; one can install it from any Linux or BSD package manager, or OSX's brew, or just downloading it from https://golang.org/dl.

The first step is preparing the environment:

mkdir \
        /tmp/z-run \
        /tmp/z-run/bin \
        /tmp/z-run/src \
        /tmp/z-run/go \
#

The second step is cloning the Git repository:

git clone \
        --branch development \
        --depth 1 \
        http://github.com/volution/z-run.git \
        /tmp/z-run/src \
#

Alternatively, one can just fetch the sources bundle:

curl \
        -s -S -f -L \
        -o /tmp/z-run/src.tar.gz \
        https://github.com/volution/z-run/archive/refs/heads/development.tar.gz \
#

tar \
        -x -z \
        -f /tmp/z-run/src.tar.gz \
        -C /tmp/z-run/src \
        --strip-components 1 \
#

Finally, compiling the z-run executable:

cd /tmp/z-run/src/sources

env \
        GOPATH=/tmp/z-run/go \
go build \
        -tags 'netgo' \
        -gcflags 'all=-l=4' \
        -ldflags 'all=-s' \
        -trimpath \
        -o /tmp/z-run/bin/z-run \
        ./cmd/z-run.go \
#

Optionally, deploying the z-run executable:

sudo \
cp \
        /tmp/z-run/bin/z-run \
        /usr/local/bin/z-run \
#

Optionally, check that z-run works:

z-run --version

* tool          : z-run
* version       : 0.19.0
* executable    : /usr/local/bin/z-run
* build target  : release, linux-amd64, go1.17.6, gc
* build number  : 12170, 2022-01-19-23-30-43
* code & issues : https://github.com/volution/z-run
* sources git   : a6e6ce1dbd63eb871ad0280d6dbafdbc9e7960d9
* sources hash  : d7ba8be84e85329ac187984750ecd242
* uname node    : some-workstation
* uname system  : Linux, 5.15.6-1-default, x86_64
* uname hash    : 7c8643e588e6fbb4063d2643de27c39b

FAQ

How to ask for help?

If you have encountered a bug, just use the GitHub issues.

If you are not sure about something, want to give feedback, or request new features, just use the GitHub discussions.

If you want to ask a quick question, or just have a quick chat, just head over to the Discord channel.

How is it tested?

I use it myself every day, in almost every task that involves my laptop, from projects development, to production operations, application launching, and even for auto-completion in the editor.

Most of my use-cases use many of the advanced features, thus most corner-cases are well covered.

How quick are issues fixed?

As stated in the previous answer, because I use z-run myself for everything, any major issue means I can't do my work; thus I need to stop everything and just fix the issue.

As a consequence, the turn-around-time is quite small.

How to get commercial support?

If you want to use z-run in production, and want to be sure that you are using it correctly, or just want to be sure that issues (or features) that you need get prioritized, I own a European limited-liability company so just email me, and we can discuss the options.

Why `z-run` instead of classical scripts?

What sets z-run aside from a classical scripts is this:

first, it allows one to easily mix multiple languages; for example one can easily write a shell script that chains together a Python, Ruby and another shell script, all within the same file, without having to resort to here-documents or quoting; (with classical scripts, one would have had to create multiple files, one for each language, and explicitly invoke them via the interpreter;)
it allows one to easily bundle together unrelated scripts; for example say one uses z-run to aid in the development process, then one could bundle together scripts related to compiling, testing, deploying, and other single-shot shortcuts in the same file; (with classical scripts, one would usually have to put each of these in separate files, or by using case or function try to manage them inside a reduced set of files;)
it allows one to easily invoke scriptlets from within the same library, without caring what language they are written in, or where their source code is stored; (with classical scripts, one has to take care of getting the paths to other scripts right, especially when running from a different folder than the original one;)

However, z-run takes it a step further by offering the following functionalities:

hierarchical menus -- by simply calling z-run without any arguments, it presents one with a selectable menu of all the scriptlets in the library, and after one selects a scriptlet, it executes it; moreover one can group various scriptlets under other sub-menus, thus allowing arbitrary nesting and navigation; (when used from a terminal, z-run uses and embedded fzf-based UI; when used from outside a terminal, z-run tries to use z-run--select (any system), rofi or dmenu (under Linux and BSD's), or choose (under OSX);)
environment variables management -- by allowing certain environment variables to be overridden, removed or appended (like in the case of $PATH); (with classical scripts, one has to manage these by themselves, resort to various "envdir" tools, or interact with shell magic;)
SSH-based remote execution -- one can easily execute a given scriptlet on a remote server without having to previously copy anything there; moreover, once the scriptlet is executing on the remote server, it can invoke other scriptlets from the library that are also to be executed remotely; (the only requirement is having z-run installed on the remote machine;)
scriptlets generation -- one can easily write a scriptlet that generates z-run compliant source, thus generating other scriptlets based on arbitrary criteria; (for example one could write a scriptlet that generates other scriptlets specific for each file in a given folder;)
library compiling -- one can easily create a single file that contains the entire library, which can then be moved and used in another place;
Go-based templates -- that are useful especially in generating other scriptlets;

What is the performance?

z-run is designed to support thousands (and in extreme cases tens of thousands) of scriptlets, especially when scriptlet generation is used. For example:

my own COVID19 workbench has ~20K scriptlets;
my own photography workbench has ~47K scriptlets;
and a production operations workbench has ~4K scriptlets;

Therefore, z-run has built-in optimizations to cache the library contents (without any regeneration), unless any of the following conditions are met:

any of the files that comprise the source code of the library are changed; (based both on file timestamps and contents hashing;)
any of the environment variables change;
a different version of z-run is installed; (this covers both upgrading and downgrading;)

However, once a scriptlet is executed, it and any other invoked scriptlets will use exactly the same cached library contents. Thus, it is safe to change the source code of the library while a scriptlet is executing (unlike shell scripts, that because the shell reads one line at a time in a read-eval-loop, it thus trips if the script is changed beyond the currently executed line).

Why Go?

Because Go is highly portable, highly stable, and especially because it can easily support cross-compiling statically linked executables to any platform it supports.

Why not Rust?

Because Rust fails to easily support cross-compiling (statically or dynamically linked) executables to any platform it supports.

Because Rust is less portable than Go; for example, Rust doesn't consider OpenBSD as a "tier-1" platform.

What other open-source code does it depend on?

fzf (via my custom fork);
cdb (via my custom fork);
go-flags;
liner;
also see the go.mod file for other minor dependencies;

Some related readings...

Development Environments at Slack

Notice (copyright and licensing)

Authors

Ciprian Dorin Craciun:

Please also see the SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) for links this project's dependencies and their authors.

Notice -- short version

The code is licensed under GPL 3 or later.

This is the same license as used by Linux, Git, MySQL/MariaDB, WordPress, F-Droid, and many other projects.

If you change the code within this repository and use it for non-personal purposes, you'll have to release the changed source code as per GPL.

Notice -- long version

For details about the copyright and licensing, please consult the notice.txt file in the documentation/licensing folder.

If someone requires the sources and/or documentation to be released under a different license, please email the authors, stating the licensing requirements, accompanied by the reasons and other details; then, depending on the situation, the authors might release the sources and/or documentation under a different license.

SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)

This project, like many other open-source projects, incorporates code from other open-source projects (besides other tools used to develop, build and test).

Strictly related to the project's dependencies (direct and transitive), please see the SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) for links to these dependencies and their licenses.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 678 Commits
.github		.github
documentation		documentation
examples		examples
scripts		scripts
sources		sources
.gitignore		.gitignore
notice.txt		notice.txt
readme.md		readme.md

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`z-run` -- lightweight Go-based scripts library tool

About

Status

Manual

Examples

Introduction

Creating the library of scriptlets

Using the library of scriptlets from the console

Installation

Download prebuilt executables

Build from sources

FAQ

How to ask for help?

How is it tested?

How quick are issues fixed?

How to get commercial support?

Why `z-run` instead of classical scripts?

What is the performance?

Why Go?

Why not Rust?

What other open-source code does it depend on?

Some related readings...

Notice (copyright and licensing)

Authors

Notice -- short version

Notice -- long version

SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)

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volution/z-run

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z-run -- lightweight Go-based scripts library tool

About

Status

Manual

Examples

Introduction

Creating the library of scriptlets

Using the library of scriptlets from the console

Installation

Download prebuilt executables

Build from sources

FAQ

How to ask for help?

How is it tested?

How quick are issues fixed?

How to get commercial support?

Why z-run instead of classical scripts?

What is the performance?

Why Go?

Why not Rust?

What other open-source code does it depend on?

Some related readings...

Notice (copyright and licensing)

Authors

Notice -- short version

Notice -- long version

SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)

About

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Releases 7

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`z-run` -- lightweight Go-based scripts library tool

Why `z-run` instead of classical scripts?