quantlib: update to 1.40

[Willaaaaaaa]

Currently, xrepo install quantlib will fail due to missinng boost headers.
This PR added necessary components of the boost library.
related prs: #5553 #6217 #7142 #7811 #8395

[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

Hello @Willaaaaaaa, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request updates the quantlib package to its latest version, 1.40, and addresses a critical dependency issue related to Boost headers. By explicitly defining the required Boost components, it ensures that the quantlib package can be installed successfully. Additionally, the testing configuration has been refined to dynamically select the appropriate C++ standard based on the QuantLib version, improving compatibility and robustness.

Highlights

• QuantLib Version Update: The QuantLib package has been updated to version 1.40, with version 1.39 also being added to the available versions.
• Boost Dependency Fix: Specific Boost library components (math, container, serialization, regex, thread) have been explicitly added as dependencies to resolve issues with missing Boost headers during xrepo install quantlib.
• Conditional C++ Standard for Testing: The C++ standard used for testing has been made conditional; it now uses C++17 for QuantLib versions 1.36 and above, and C++14 for older versions.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request updates the QuantLib package to version 1.40, and also adds version 1.39. The changes correctly address a build failure by specifying the required Boost library components. Additionally, the C++ standard is now dynamically selected based on the QuantLib version, which is a great improvement for maintainability. My review includes one high-severity suggestion to refine the list of Boost components to better align with QuantLib's official build requirements, ensuring a more robust and correct build.