std.math: Add std.math.egcd to compute the extended GCD #25642
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This adds an iterative EGCD implementation to std.math. The implementation is simple and conservative, returns Bézout coefficients consistent with widely‐used implementations, and has been formally verified correct for any value and type supported by Zig up to u65534/i65534. Its purpose is to make this API available to projects and other parts of the standard library. Optimizations for specific types or value ranges (e.g., using a binary method or approximations) can be added later without any changes to existing applications.
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This adds an iterative EGCD implementation to std.math.
The implementation is simple and conservative, returns Bézout coefficients consistent with widely‐used implementations, and has been formally verified for any value and type supported by Zig up to
u65534/i65534.Its purpose is to make this API available to projects and other parts of the standard library. Optimizations for specific types or value ranges (e.g., using a binary method with or without approximations) can be added later without any changes to existing applications.