feat: Add Python URL shortener template

python/url-shortener/README.md

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+# URL Shortener in Python
+
+A Python function to create and manage short URLs.
+
+## 📝 Environment Variables
+
+- `APPWRITE_ENDPOINT`: Your Appwrite endpoint.
+- `APPWRITE_API_KEY`: Your Appwrite API key.
+- `APPWRITE_PROJECT`: Your Appwrite project ID.
+- `DATABASE_ID`: The ID of the database to store URLs.
+- `COLLECTION_ID`: The ID of the collection to store URLs.
+
+## 🚀 Building and Deployment
+
+1.  **Create an Appwrite Database and Collection:**
+    * Create a database with a unique ID.
+    * Create a collection with the following attribute:
+        * `original_url` (string, required)
+
+2.  **Deploy the Function:**
+    * Package the function: `tar -czvf code.tar.gz .`
+    * Upload and deploy the packaged function to your Appwrite project.
+
+## 🛠️ Usage
+
+### Create a Short URL
+
+Execute the function with the following JSON data to create a short URL:
+
+```json
+{
+  "url": "https://www.google.com"
+}

python/url-shortener/requirements.txt

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+appwrite==3.1.0
+nanoid==2.0.0

python/url-shortener/src/main.py

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+import os
+import json
+import nanoid
+from appwrite.services.databases import Databases
+from appwrite.query import Query
+from appwrite.exceptions import AppwriteException
+from . import utils
+
+# This is your Appwrite function
+# It's executed each time we get a request
+def main(context):
+    # Get Appwrite's database client
+    database = utils.get_database()
+
+    # --- (Suggestion 2) Validate Database Environment Variables ---
+    database_id = os.environ.get("DATABASE_ID")
+    collection_id = os.environ.get("COLLECTION_ID")
+
+    if not database_id or not collection_id:
+        return context.res.json(
+            {'error': 'Missing required environment variables: DATABASE_ID or COLLECTION_ID'},
+            status_code=500
+        )
+
+    # --- (Suggestion 4, Part 1) Handle Redirection from URL Path ---
+    # Check for short_id in the path, e.g. /v1/functions/.../executions/.../6aT8bC1
+    path_parts = context.req.path.split('/')
+    short_id_from_path = path_parts[-1] if len(path_parts) > 1 and len(path_parts[-1]) == 7 else None
+
+    if context.req.method == 'GET' and short_id_from_path:
+        try:
+            result = database.list_documents(
+                database_id,
+                collection_id,
+                [Query.equal("$id", short_id_from_path)]
+            )
+            if result['total'] > 0:
+                original_url = result['documents'][0]['original_url']
+                return context.res.redirect(original_url, 301)
+            else:
+                return context.res.json({'error': 'URL not found'}, status_code=404)
+        # --- (Suggestion 5) Specific Exception Handling ---
+        except AppwriteException as e:
+            return context.res.json({'error': str(e)}, status_code=500)
+
+    # --- (Suggestion 1) Handle JSON Parsing Errors ---
+    try:
+        payload = json.loads(context.req.body) if context.req.body else {}
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid JSON payload'}, status_code=400)
+
+    # --- Action: Create a short URL ---
+    if 'url' in payload:
+        original_url = payload['url']
+
+        # --- (Suggestion 3) Add URL Validation ---
+        if not original_url or not isinstance(original_url, str):
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid URL format'}, status_code=400)
+        if len(original_url) > 2048:
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'URL too long (max 2048 characters)'}, status_code=400)
+        if not original_url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'URL must start with http:// or https://'}, status_code=400)
+
+        short_id = nanoid.generate(size=7)
+
+        try:
+            database.create_document(
+                database_id,
+                collection_id,
+                short_id,
+                {'original_url': original_url}
+            )
+            # --- (Suggestion 4, Part 2) Construct Correct short_url ---
+            # It should point to the function itself
+            execution_path = context.req.path
+            short_url = f"{context.req.scheme}://{context.req.host}{execution_path}/{short_id}"
+            return context.res.json({'short_url': short_url})
+        # --- (Suggestion 5) Specific Exception Handling ---
+        except AppwriteException as e:
+            return context.res.json({'error': str(e)}, status_code=500)
+
+    return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid request. Provide a "url" in the JSON body to shorten.'}, status_code=400)

python/url-shortener/src/utils.py

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+import os
+from appwrite.client import Client
+from appwrite.services.databases import Databases
+
+# This is your Appwrite function
+# It's executed each time we get a request
+def get_database():
+    # Validate environment variables
+    required_vars = ["APPWRITE_ENDPOINT", "APPWRITE_PROJECT", "APPWRITE_API_KEY"]
+    missing_vars = [var for var in required_vars if var not in os.environ]
+    if missing_vars:
+        raise ValueError(f"Missing required environment variables: {', '.join(missing_vars)}")
+
+    # Initialize the Appwrite client
+    client = Client()
+    client.set_endpoint(os.environ["APPWRITE_ENDPOINT"])
+    client.set_project(os.environ["APPWRITE_PROJECT"])
+    client.set_key(os.environ["APPWRITE_API_KEY"])
+
+    # Initialize the database service
+    return Databases(client)