[22624] System Log error: infinite loop when setting thread affinity fails (backport #5611)

[mergify]

When EPROSIMA_LOG_ERROR fails to configure the current thread affinity or scheduler for itself, it causes a new call to EPROSIMA_LOG_ERROR which experiences the same issue, leading to a recursive loop call of the function. To solve this issue, a new function was added, making it so the errors from the log are written as std::cerr instead of calling EPROSIMA_LOG_ERROR.

@Mergifyio backport 3.1.x 3.0.x 2.14.x

Fixes #5524

Contributor Checklist

• Commit messages follow the project guidelines.

• The code follows the style guidelines of this project.

• Tests that thoroughly check the new feature have been added/Regression tests checking the bug and its fix have been added; the added tests pass locally

• N/A Any new/modified methods have been properly documented using Doxygen.

• N/A Any new configuration API has an equivalent XML API (with the corresponding XSD extension)

• Changes are backport compatible: they do NOT break ABI nor change library core behavior.

• Changes are API compatible.

• N/A New feature has been added to the versions.md file (if applicable).

• N/A New feature has been documented/Current behavior is correctly described in the documentation.

• Applicable backports have been included in the description.

Reviewer Checklist

• The PR has a milestone assigned.
• The title and description correctly express the PR's purpose.
• Check contributor checklist is correct.
• If this is a critical bug fix, backports to the critical-only supported branches have been requested.
• Check CI results: changes do not issue any warning.
• Check CI results: failing tests are unrelated with the changes.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #5611 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).